LO: I can explain Genetic Mutations and how they affect Protein Synthesis with a Gizmos
Do Now:
- A mutation is any change to the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule. Some mutations arise as DNA is copied. Others are due to environmental factors.
- A mutation in a gene can change the structure and function of the protein encoded by that gene. This, in turn, can affect an organism’s traits.
- Mutations can be considered armful, beneficial, or neutral to an organism.
- Harmful mutations have negative effects on an organism’s health and survival. For example, some mutations cause inherited disorders such as sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis.
- Beneficial mutations have positive effects on an organism’s health and survival. For example, some people have mutations that lower their risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
- Neutral mutations have no observable effect on an organism’s traits. For example, some gene mutations do not lead to amino acid changes, and so do not affect protein function.
Causes of Mutations A mutation is any change to the base sequence. Mutations are caused by errors during DNA replication. Mutagenic agents like UV light can also increase mutations above the natural rate.
Types of Mutations
- Substitution
- Deletion
- Addition
- Duplication
- Inversion
- Translocation